Wanda Warren Berry writes: > I think it might be interesting to compare Kierkegaard's > use of subjectivity and objectivity to Kant. It has been > a long time since I read the Prolegomena to Any Future > Metaphysic, but i think Kant there and elsewhere redefines > "objectivity" as having consonance with the universal > presuppostions and categories of rational being. > "Subjectivity" is individaul. Am I right? For example, > the "objectivity" of a moral rule is its consnace with > the very form of law/the Categorical Imperative. > Kant makes this move after analyzing the limitations > of the human effort to gain certainty through empirical > knowledge understand as grounded in sense experience > (what kant calls intuition?) I have looked again at the Prolegomena and the Critique of Pure Reason with Wanda's question in mind. At the outset, we would do well, I think, to take to heart Kierkegaard's own evaluation of his relationship to thinkers such as Kant: "The difficulty that inheres in existence, with which the existing individual is confronted, is one that never really comes to expression in the language of abstract thought, much less receives an explanation." Concluding Unscientific Postscript Part II, Chapter 3 The language of abstract thought, Kierkegaard tells us, is beside the point; and I think a review of the texts in issue will corroborate his judgment. In the Paragraph 46 of the Prolegomena, Kant begins by recapitulating the scholastic definition of subject, as that which remains of substances after all accidental predicates have been removed, and he points out that in this sense subject is unknowable. Kant acknowledges "dieses Substantiale" (something substantial) in the consciousness of self, but we have knowledge of it not absolutely, but only by inference from inner appearances, (innere Erscheinungen). So far as Kant is concerned, there seems to be no difference between the empirical nature of outward and inward experience. Kant does not seem to be interested in the explication of subjective experience for its own sake. His primary intent is to demonstrate that the consciousness of self permits no inferences concerning the mortality of the soul. Kant expands his ideas in the Critique of Pure Reason: "The consciousness of the self, according to the determinations of our state in inner perception is merely empirical, and always in process of change... That which has to be represented as of necessity numerically identical cannot be thought as such through empirical data. There must be a condition which precedes all experience, and renders experience itself possible, if a transcendental pre-supposition of this kind is to be rendered valid.... This pure original unchangeable consciousness I shall name transcendental apperception." Critique of Pure Reason, A 107 Norman Kemp Smith translation Kant's transcendental apperception differs from Kierkegaard's subjectivity, in that Kant deemed the experiences thus apperceived to be eminently objective, such as color, shape and other similar categories of perception. Stirrings of love and hate, of hope and despair, of faith and of doubt as constitute inwardness in Kierkegaard's world, have no function in Kant's epistemological or ethical edifices. The answer to Wanda's question, I think, should be sought not in the analysis of texts, but in an understanding of the revolutions in feeling and thought that swept through Europe in the last quarter of the eighteenth century, first with the flourishing of "Sturm und Drang," then with the Romantic movement in literature and in religion. Kierkegaard's writings are inconceivable without the Romanticism that nourished them, and I suspect Kant would have had no more sympathy for Kierkegaard's concerns than have the mathematical logicians who have dominated American philosophy for the past half century.