Knowledge of God: I am impressed by the passion of Therese Foote's postulates concerning Knowledge of God; and the elegance and cogency of Kevin Solvaa's self-assured criticism.

Perhaps it is pedantic of me to point out that our knowledge of deity, and indeed what deity in itself (an sich) might be, has been in issue literally since the beginning the history recorded in Genesis. What knowledge human beings (can) have of the divine is the oldest of theological questions, a perplexity that can be traced through the entirety of the Judaic-Christian tradition. The identification of knowledge of deity as being subjective as distinct from objective, Our assertion that knowledge of deity is subjective (as dist8inct from objective) we restate an argument that has its roots in the very distant past. .PP At the footing of our religion are the convictions a) that deity is invisible, and b) that the name of deity must not be taken in vain. I interpret the invisibility of deity in the light of Aristitles observation that vision is the primary source of human knowledge, I construe the invisibility of deity to be both optical and spiritual. as an expression of the circumstance that deity is inherently unknowable. An invisible deity will be an unknowable deity, especially in conjunction with the constraints on theological discourse of the second commandment with its prohibition of taking the name of the lord in vain. Our concepts are elaborations of the the words that we speak. If its name may not be spoken, the conception of deity is severely compromised. If, as I believe, it is a legitimate inference from the second commandment that the name of the Lord may not be uttered at all, then this prohibition literally renders deity unthinkable. I construe the proscription of taking its name "in vain" as an expression of its inaccessibility to our language and hence to our thought. .PP We are social creatures; At the same time, that we are overwhelmed by a need for and by the awareness of the immediacy of God. we feel a need to communicate, to share our experiences with one another. Ordinarily, our communication consists in by demonstrating to one another, by making one another aware of, the objects that constitute the world in which we live, And when this us not enough, we supplement the physical world that we experience with an expanded, virtual universe of objective concepts to reflect our experience and our intentions. Our struggle with "knowledge of God" with the definition of deity, reflects the fact that deity as we experience it, eludes objectification. No image of deity can suffice; no account of deity can suffice. .PP The history of our religion is the dialectic that ensues from the need to share, to establish a common understanding, to establish literally a spiritual community, from the (social compunction) need to picture what is invisible, and to communicate to one another what is beyond the power of language to express. .PP Thus, quite logically, intimation of deity arise not only from the incomprehensibility of the Universe (The heavens declare the glory of God) but also ,and perhaps to an even greater extent, from the inadequcies of individual and social existence. (Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir." It is the smallness, the mortality of the individual which suggests to him the infinitude an immortality of the divine. The inaccessibility of deity corresponds to is the mirror image of the inadequacy (Hinfaelligkeit) of human existence.o

Arguably then, it is the attempt to escape from this dilemma which persuades men the overcoming of this inadequacy by by the spurious identification with a deity imagined as an earthly potentate, or with an earthly potentate imagined as holy or divine, But it seems to me that such identifications are spurious and invariably extinguish the flame of genuine religiosity that nourished them Here is the theological imperative for the separation of church and state. .PP There have been times in the past, when the inaccessibility of deity was defined in the so-called negative theology. But the simple statement that deity is beyond our power to define is too obvious to satisfy our intellectual Ansprueche. demands Erwartungen. Expectations. In the modern, post-Hegelian world the essential unknowableness of God finds more sophisticated at least twofold expression: in the transformation of the knowledge of deity into dialectic, i.e. into contradiction and paradox, and secondly in the displacement of deity from the realm of potentially demonstrable objects into inwardness and subjectivity. Subjectivity, by definition is that which is objectively unknowable. Each of us, according to his or her temperaments an talents must recapitulate this spiritual reality into which we were born and which has shaped our minds. .PP I not only agree with Kevin that a true Christion is a rarity. I believe a true Christian as subjectivity objectified is an impossibility, a paradox. That is why Christianity turns into martyrdom. Martyrdom is symbolic for the paradox the literal impossibility of being a Christian. .PP I think the expression of religious conviction, as it manifests itself in our political and social life, may be interpreted as a spectrum of the ways in which different individuals cope with the contradiction implicit ... .PP There are those, as there have always been, who like the ancient Egyptians, who deemed their Pharaos to be gods, invest temporal power with infallibility and divinity. and those again, who endow their religion (religious concepts) with temporal power, by establishing theocracy. .PP Thus religious activity if not indeed experience invariably threatens the spiritual integrity of of subjective individuality. It forces him who marched to the tune of a different drummer into lockstep with the rest.