Dear Marion, As you know, once I start writing, I have difficulty putting an end to my words. For me, the controversy surrounding transsubstantiation, initiated by Bengarius Turonensis, the early Scholastic who died in 1088, 22 years after the Battle of Hastings, is obviously of no theological significance. I can dispense with the pros and cons of the implicit latter-day cannibalism. What strikes me as significant about Bengarius, is the diversity and arguable triviality of the issues which in the course of millenia, have seemed worth arguing about, have seemed worth violence and wars. This human propensity for conceptual conflict, it seems to me, is of more immediate concern to ourselves than we might assume. Lessing was berated by Goeze for publishing the Bengarius manuscript, and although he tried to reason with Goeze in a civil and humble manner, Goeze apparently needed the controversy to maintain his political clout (shades of 21. Century USA) and Lessing felt sufficiently threatened to fight back with mounting acrimony. Kierkegaard himself at the end of his short life, found it necessary to engage his church in conflict over a seemingly trivial matter: After the death of Kierkegaard's friend and patron Bishop Jacob Peter Mynster, when Mynster's successor Hans Lassen Martensen eulogized Mynster as an "irreplaceable ... veritable witness to the Truth," Kierkegaard erupted into a rage that strikes me as a badge of insanity, - but who am I to talk, - and castigated Martensen for having defiled the memory of true martyrs. Could Kierkegaard's meaning have been himself? In any event, controversy often, if not always, has its inapparent roots. Conflict, it seems, is an ineradicable expression of human nature. Is the pacifist, someone like myself who refuses to fight, a coward, or merely an idiot. We've been here before: Things are seldom as they seem, skimmed milk masquerades as cream. A postscript concerning Kierkegaard and the Christian "communion". Although a theologian, and I believe an ordained pastor of the Lutheran Church, the author of numerous printed sermons, on his death bed at age 42, Kierkegaard is said to have refused "communion".