The original purpose of my four real estate trusts, Lisbon, Nantucket, 174 School Street and Konnarock was to make possible transfers of fractional interests in real-estate within the annual gift tax exclusion. This purpose might have been theoretically achieved with tenancies-in-common, each of which might have as many as eight tenants-in-common, making the requisite annual incremental transfers impractical. The use of real estate trusts where registration in the name of nominal trustees conceals the beneficial owners is a very common practice in Massachusetts. Inasmuch as transactions within such trusts are private, and tax returns are inaccessible to public inspection, it is impossible to know how relevant administrative procedures have been interpreted by the courts. I don't know with what legal instruments conventional real estate trusts are customarily transferred. This information could easily be ascertained by scanning local, e.g. Belmont real estate tax records for properties registered as trusts, and then researching the county Registry of Deeds for relevant transfer records. An unintended consequence of my real estate trusts is that they are drafted to survive the deaths of individual beneficiaries whose shares of beneficial interest pass according to their wills without becoming subject to real estate liens at death. It is therefore theoretically possible to transfer ownership and control of real estate in trust by sale of shares of beneficial interest by the old beneficiaries to the new beneficiaries and to transfer the trusteeship to a new trustee of the new beneficiaries' choosing. Such transfers would not require approval of any court, but would of course be subject to judicial review, at the instance of either parties or of interested government agencies, with unpredictable consequences. Proceeds of such sales would be subject to capital gains income taxes.