20051215.00 I remember Dr. Beecher as a medical school lecturer in whose presentations I failed to find much inspiration. When his article appeared I was rather surprised that he should be the one to raise this perplexing issue. At the time I justified the experimental surgery in which I was involved with the rationalization that medical practice is unavoidably experimental, and that there is some virtue in acknowledging its experimental nature. To what extent this is a sophistic argument, I am not sure. On the contemporary scene, of course, experiment is defined as practice outside of guidelines; hence the question might be rephrased, not whether it is morally defensible to experiment but whether it is morally defensible to permit ones practice to be governed by guidelines. I don't know much about Thomas Szasz. I once wrote a letter to the editor (or a review) that actually got published about something very critical that Szasz had written about the psychiatric evaluation of juvenile delinquents. Szasz argued that psychiatric interpretation of deviant behavior was a threat to civil liberties. I thought then, and think now, that the psychological and sociological interpretation of destructive behavior is the only intellectual response which does not itself become destructive, and that Szasz' rejection of psychiatric interpretation is a refusal to sympathize with the patient, and as such is yet another version of the argument with which Cain tried to justify himself: Am I my brother's keeper? The correct answer, of course is, yes. I am very much uncertain whether I want to spend my time and energy, what little I have left, in writing for possible publication. I have discovered that my indifference to publication has given me much freedom to develop my thinking and has led me to insights that I could never have reached, if I had permitted myself to be inhibited by the constraints of considering what a potential editor or reader might think. At the present juncture in my writing, I am on the threshold of letting one of my fictional characters give an informal but impassioned account of the theory of knowledge and of the ethics which I have elaborated in my own mind over the years. I now read Plato's dialogues as compositions which reflect their author's reluctance or inability to express the processes of complex and profound thought in more formal expositions. I think that Plato expressed his thought as he experienced it; there inheres in this simple immediacy of the dialogue a candor which I find much more persuasive than for example Kantian contortions, or Hegelian obfuscations of thought. Perhaps when I finish the present novel, I will be ready for a style more conventional both in form and in content As I mentioned to you, there seems to be general philological agreement that the Septuagint was much influenced by the style and content of Plato's writing, that the authors of the New Testament absorbed the Jewish tradition not through any direct access to an underlying Hebrew text, but through the Greek of the Septuagint, suggesting to me that Christianity may have (unrecognized) roots in Greek thought. The Septuagint was compiled about a century after Plato. The question comes to my mind, whether there were earlier translations of the Hebrew texts that might have contributed to the monotheism which plays so important a role in Plato's and especially in Socrates' expositons. I also wonder whether it is really possible to identify an interpretation of the Hebrew which has not been affected by the Septuagint Version, and if so in what respect this extra-Septuagint theology might be different. These questions are, of course far beyond my linguistic abilities. Nonetheless, if you have any Hebrew texts, dictionaries or primers which you do not need, and which you could lend me for an indefinite period of time, they would be welcome. It is unrealistic to expect that I could teach myself anything substantial in a week or even in a month or two. * * * * *

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